External Envelope - Functions
External Envelope - consists of the materials and components which form the external shell or enclosure of a building. These may be load bearing or non-load bearing according to the structural form of the building.
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Structure - Finishes
Finish - the final surface which can be self finished as with a trowelled concrete surface or an applied finish such as floor tiles.
EXTERNAL WALLS
INTERNAL WALLS
FLOORS
STAIRS
CEILINGS
ROOFS
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Superstructure and Secondary Elements
Secondary Elements - completion of the structure including completion around and within openings in primary elements.
EXTERNAL WALLS
INTERNAL WALLS
FLOATING FLOORS
CAVITI FLOORS
FLOORS TRAPS FLOORS
BALUSTRADES
SUSPENDED CEILINGS
ROOFLIGHTS
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Superstructure and Primary Elements
Superstructure - can be defined as all structure above substructure both internally and externally.
Primary Elements - basically components of the building carcass above the substructure excluding secondary elements, finishes, services and fittings.
Typical Examples
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Substructure
Substructure - can be defined as all structure below the superstructure which in general terms is considered to include all structure below ground level but including the ground floor bed.
Typial Examples
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The Structure - Basic Forms
1. SOLID CONSTRUCTION
2. FRAMED OR SKELETAL CONSTRUCTION
3. PANEL OR BOX CONSTRUCTION
4. FOLDED PLATE CONSTRUCTION
Shells Roofs - these are formed by a structural curved skin covering a given plan shape and area.
1. DOME OR ROTATIONAL SHELL
2. PENDENTIVE DOME
3. TRANSLATIONAL DOME
4. BARREL VAULT
5. CONOID SHELLS
6. HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID
7. SPACE DECK
8. SPACE FRAME
9. TENSION CABLE STRUCTURE
10. TENSION MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
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The Structure - Basic Types
1. SIMPLE SUPPORTED BEAM2. BUILT-IN BEAM3. CANTILEVER BEAM4. PROPPED CANTILEVER5. STRUT6. VERTICAL STRUT7. TIE8. ARCHES9. POST AND LINTEL10. PLANE FRAME
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Built Environment - Physical considerations
1. Natural contours of land.2. Natural vegetation and trees.3. Size of land and/or proposed building.4. Shape of land and/or proposed building.5. Approach and access roads and footpaths.6. Services available.7. Natural waterways, lakes and ponds.8. Restrictions such as rights of way; tree preservation and ancient buildings.9. Climatic conditions created by surrounding properties, land or activities.10. Proposed future developments.
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Built Environmental Considerations
1. Planning requirements.
2. Building Regulations.3. Land restrictions by vend or lessor.4. Availability of services.5. Local amenities including transport.6. Subsoil conditions.7. Levels and topography of land.8. Adjoining buildings or land9. Use of building.10. Daylight and view aspects
EXAMPLES...
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Environment = surroundings which can be natural, man-made or a combination of these.
Built Environment = created by man with or without the aid of the natural environment.
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